PEARLS OF WISDOM--JOHN BOGLE (from the Morningstar conference):
JOHN BOGLE is the founder of the Vanguard Group and president of the Bogle Financial Markets Research Center.
ON THE CREDIT CRISIS:
I had no idea two years ago that the credit crisis had reached the devastating proportions it had, I had no idea of how many of these ninja mortgages had been sold or the amount of speculation going on in derivatives. It was not on my radar screen. One event piled on another getting us into this catastrophic decline, which will take a long time to get out of. This is a crisis in capitalism. Capitalism has failed us; I blame the capitalists even more.
The businessmen looked around and saw the bankers’ earnings were growing faster than ours. So directors say you better get on the bandwagon and follow. The way I was raised, there were some things one didn’t do. But now the ethical standard seems to be if everyone else is doing it, I can do it too. If everyone else is doing these mortgages I should do it too.
I don’t blame government for this. The CEOs blame the government for allowing them to do what they should have had enough brains not to do in the first place. The government had to step in. It’s not their fault they have to own 35% of the banks. Business brought it on themselves.
We went from service economy to financial services economy taking $600 billion out of the pockets of investors each year, which went to fees for brokers and mutual funds. We want to be able to build something instead of doing too much swapping money back and forth. We’re subtracting value and in the long run a financial services society cannot survive on that.
ON RETIREMENT:
We need a more intelligently designed retirement system; the 401k system has to be fixed. The government should establish standards for firms to participate in the system and do what we can to return to from short-term speculating to long-term investing. I don’t know anyone who can fix it better than the government. Can’t let investor borrow from the 401(k) or take it when they change jobs, imagine doing that with social security.
ON INVESTING:
I have never felt more confident in my beliefs and strategy. Of course the stock index fund is down as much as the market. The difficulty of picking active managers is that we come in after they’ve proved how good they are. I wrote in an article: “If you’re gonna own an actively managed fund just be prepared to lose in one year out of three.” My friend from Dodge and Cox Stock Fund, said, “Wrong again, it’s one out of two.” Indexing is probably going to have a better investor return than even the wonderful Dodge and Cox fund.
Buy and hold is never dead. Let me divide S&P500 into two sections, 50% buy and hold and 50% traders, who trade with each other and pay croupiers for their trading. At the end of the day, buy and holders capture 100% of market return because they have no costs. Traders capture 50%. Trading is just pitting one investor against another does not work. Buy and hold works. Avoid all that trading like the plague. Active managers lose one out of every two years. Indexing does a better job.
There’s a policy portfolio out there and it’s what we all together hold, say its 40% bonds and 60% stocks, that means if you increase your policy allocation to stocks, someone else reduces their policy allocation. There are a certain amount of stocks out there and a certain amount of bonds and it’s that simple. It’s very misguided to think that policy portfolio is something to extract yourself from or enhance your return with.
ON FUTURE RETURNS: Bond returns have been easy to predict. The current coupon has a 91% correlation to what it will deliver over the next 10 years. The combined government and corporate rate now is 5%. The return on stocks have two components, one is investment return or dividend, 3.5%, some earnings growth, around normalized $50 a share, and throughout history earnings grow at about the same rate as GDP. If real growth is 2%, nominal growth with inflation 5%, earnings might grow a little more, say 6% plus 3.5% yield gives you a 9.5% yield. Easing of price earnings downward might take a point off of that—7.5% to 8%. I lean to being a little more conservative.
There’s a high probably stocks will outperform bonds.
ON DIFFERENT INVESTMENTS:
Money market funds: Don’t bother with money market funds as I said in my book, short-term bond fund goes up on a higher slope if you can handle the short term jags.
Commodities: I have no conviction that commodities belong in anyone’s portfolio at any time under any circumstances. Stocks and bonds are investments, they generate an internal rate of return. The internal return on a commodity is zero, it is total speculation in the long run. It’s a gamble.
Munis: I love munis, they are paying 4.8% to 5% on intermediate-to-long bonds, that’s 8% tax-free, it’s got to be very rewarding. But buy them very diversified and high quality: A and AA and buy a portfolio that has 1,000 bonds in it. Buy the lowest cost muni bond fund. If you’re really worried avoid long-term muni bonds.
Target date portfolios: I’m increasingly nervous about them. The fact that you’re going to retire in 2015 means something very different for different investors. Say one has social security and the other doesn’t have much. A little bit too clever a solution when an investor can take charge of own portfolio and rebalance once a year or when proportions get distinctly different. Not amused by this race for the top in terms of equity allocations. There’s pressure for firms to raise target allocation when the markets are going up. That seems to me to be totally irresponsible. They should have lower costs across the board.
Absolute returns, no one can give you an absolute positive returns. They’re greatly oversold with returns all over the place. They have 2% expense ratio. 1-30-30 funds says the manager doesn’t have enough smarts to buy the stocks but does to sell them. We innovate for the sake of our marketers. It just leads you down this primrose path of thinking there’s something better than the tried and true.
The index fund is and must be the gold standard.Why does this industry create all these lead ingots?
ETFS: My skepticism is increasing. Maybe ETFs will do a few basis points better than index funds. But the ETFs are mutual funds that you can trade all day long in real time. What kind of lunatic does that? The turnover is staggering in the spdr, a $700 million share market, with $80 billion shares traded. Thanks to Morningstar we can compare time weighted return on mutual funds with dollar-weighted returns, which is what the investors get. And the ETFs lose out to mutual funds every time. They get into hyperactivity. The rule should be don’t do something just stand there.
Posted at 02:50PM Jun 03, 2009
by Pamela Black in General |